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chinese President Xi Jinping formulated the “Four comprehensives” - comprehensively establishing a moderately prosperous society， deepening reform， advancing the rule of law， and governing the communist Party of china （cPc） strictly， during an inspection tour in east china last december. while delivering the government work report at the third session of the 12th National People’s congress （NPc）， china’s top legislature， on March 5， chinese Premier li Keqiang also emphasized the “Four comprehensives，” putting forward an array of measures to achieve the goals.
Beijing Review and ChinAfrica reporters spoke to NPc deputies and members of the 12th National committee of the chinese People’s Political consultative conference （cPPcc） - china’s top political advisory body - for their perspectives. edited excerpts follow：
Hou Liang
NPC deputy， Mayor of Zhangjiakou， Hebei Province
Advancing the rule of law depends on disciplined government leaders and officials. They need to know the relationship between power and the law， and realize the bounds of their power. Leaders’ power should be contained and transparent. They should exercise power in accordance with laws. Equality and fairness are still impeded by nepotism， which has undermined the government’s credibility. The use of power should be restricted by a system of procedures and rules. Supervision should be intensified to prevent power from being abused. Both the Central Government and provincial governments have launched inspection tours to ensure leaders are using their power in line with laws. The Central Government should expand the scope of such inspections and increase their frequency.
Fan Xiaojian
CPPCC National Committee member， former Deputy Director of the Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development with the State Council
Establishing a moderately prosperous society by 2020 will largely depend on how poverty relief is implemented. Economic slowdown and the large income disparity have made poverty relief difficult. The Gini coefficient， a barometer of income disparity， increased to 0.47 in 2013 from 0.37 in 1994 for China. A fiscal revenue slowdown decreased the investment in poverty relief over the past two years.
China should take lowering the Gini coefficient and narrowing income gaps seriously. Poverty relief should be part of the 13th Five-Year Plan （2016-20）. More funds should be earmarked for poverty relief， especially for providing public services in poor areas. The transfer of industries from coastal regions to inland cities is a good opportunity to develop local economies. Support for small and medium-sized enterprises in central and western regions should be increased. Priority should be given to the most urgent needs of the poorest segments of the population in the poorest areas. Liu Jixian
CPPCC National Committee member， former Vice President， Academy of Military Science， the Chinese People’s Liberation Army
There should be stricter supervision of CPC leaders and cadres at work and in their daily lives. Party members should be taught to use their power according to the rule of law. At work， their power should be restrained and supervised. Leaders at all levels should be informed of what they can do and can’t. In their daily lives， they should maintain a high moral standard and be a role model for society.
Shi Zhihong
CPPCC National Committee member， former Deputy Director， CPC Central Committee’s Policy Research Office
China has less than six years to comprehensively build a moderately prosperous society. The strategic objective is a moderately prosperous society by 2020. The other three are strategic measures and all are indispensable.
Without comprehensively deepening reform， China’s development would lack momentum， and Chinese society would have no vitality； without comprehensively advancing the rule of law， the nation can’t function in an orderly manner； without comprehensively strengthening Party discipline， the CPC can hardly govern at full capacity.
Feng Leping
NPC deputy， President of Beijing Federation of Farmers’ Cooperatives
On February 1， the CPC Central Committee and the State Council jointly released their first policy document for 2015， the“No.1 Document.” Modern farming and rural reform are high on the agenda. Since 2004， agriculture， rural areas and farmers have been the focus of central authorities’No.1 documents.
China’s agricultural reform is heading toward agricultural modernization and transformation of its development model. Reform in the agricultural sector should be more than structural change. It should be a change in the production and distribution model. Professional farmers’training should be strengthened because they will be the main force of the agricultural sector.
Mei Xingbao
CPPCC National Committee member， external supervisor at the Bank of China
Accelerating the growth of the western region is a key issue. The western region’s industrial layout should be adjusted to receive industrial transfer from central and eastern regions. In addition， the region can use the Silk Road Economic Belt initiative to realize its full development capacity. Only when the western region prospers can the general goal be achieved. Wang Junjin
NPC deputy， President of JuneYao Group
We should focus on transformation of the economic development model， a mixed ownership economy， state-owned enterprise （SOE） reforms， and more investment opportunities for private capital.
Mixed ownership will reinvigorate the state-owned economy. Both state and private capital can create value for and contribute to society. Authorities should clearly indicate the roadmap and measures to promote the mixed-ownership economy and policies should be consistent.
SOEs should focus on their core business and cut down on subsidiaries for greater operational efficiency. They should absorb more private capital. Their resources combined with the vitality of private enterprises will create new growth points.
Peng Xiaofeng
CPPCC National Committee member， Deputy Director of the Economic Committee of the 12th CPPCC National Committee
Last year， the Chinese economy grew 7.4 percent， a hard-won result as the government rejected rolling out a massive stimulus package. It improved the structure of industries， increased employment， maintained the consumer price index at a relatively low level and pushed forward reforms.
The government work report has lowered the growth target to around 7 percent for this year. Although China has more toleration for slower growth， it needs steady growth， which requires the market to play a key role in allocating resources. Steady growth will facilitate the implementation of the “Four Comprehensives.”
Wang Xuecheng
CPPCC National Committee member， Director of Legislative Affairs Office， Guangdong Provincial Government
Realizing the first three requires the CPC’s leadership. Only by strictly governing the CPC and improving its governance capability can the targets be realized.
A law-based government administration is key to advancing the rule of law. Only when the government functions in accordance with the law can the authority of the Constitution and legislation be established， and everyone in society will follow suit. A law-based society is founded on a law-based government.
Beijing Review and ChinAfrica reporters spoke to NPc deputies and members of the 12th National committee of the chinese People’s Political consultative conference （cPPcc） - china’s top political advisory body - for their perspectives. edited excerpts follow：
Hou Liang
NPC deputy， Mayor of Zhangjiakou， Hebei Province
Advancing the rule of law depends on disciplined government leaders and officials. They need to know the relationship between power and the law， and realize the bounds of their power. Leaders’ power should be contained and transparent. They should exercise power in accordance with laws. Equality and fairness are still impeded by nepotism， which has undermined the government’s credibility. The use of power should be restricted by a system of procedures and rules. Supervision should be intensified to prevent power from being abused. Both the Central Government and provincial governments have launched inspection tours to ensure leaders are using their power in line with laws. The Central Government should expand the scope of such inspections and increase their frequency.
Fan Xiaojian
CPPCC National Committee member， former Deputy Director of the Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development with the State Council
Establishing a moderately prosperous society by 2020 will largely depend on how poverty relief is implemented. Economic slowdown and the large income disparity have made poverty relief difficult. The Gini coefficient， a barometer of income disparity， increased to 0.47 in 2013 from 0.37 in 1994 for China. A fiscal revenue slowdown decreased the investment in poverty relief over the past two years.
China should take lowering the Gini coefficient and narrowing income gaps seriously. Poverty relief should be part of the 13th Five-Year Plan （2016-20）. More funds should be earmarked for poverty relief， especially for providing public services in poor areas. The transfer of industries from coastal regions to inland cities is a good opportunity to develop local economies. Support for small and medium-sized enterprises in central and western regions should be increased. Priority should be given to the most urgent needs of the poorest segments of the population in the poorest areas. Liu Jixian
CPPCC National Committee member， former Vice President， Academy of Military Science， the Chinese People’s Liberation Army
There should be stricter supervision of CPC leaders and cadres at work and in their daily lives. Party members should be taught to use their power according to the rule of law. At work， their power should be restrained and supervised. Leaders at all levels should be informed of what they can do and can’t. In their daily lives， they should maintain a high moral standard and be a role model for society.
Shi Zhihong
CPPCC National Committee member， former Deputy Director， CPC Central Committee’s Policy Research Office
China has less than six years to comprehensively build a moderately prosperous society. The strategic objective is a moderately prosperous society by 2020. The other three are strategic measures and all are indispensable.
Without comprehensively deepening reform， China’s development would lack momentum， and Chinese society would have no vitality； without comprehensively advancing the rule of law， the nation can’t function in an orderly manner； without comprehensively strengthening Party discipline， the CPC can hardly govern at full capacity.
Feng Leping
NPC deputy， President of Beijing Federation of Farmers’ Cooperatives
On February 1， the CPC Central Committee and the State Council jointly released their first policy document for 2015， the“No.1 Document.” Modern farming and rural reform are high on the agenda. Since 2004， agriculture， rural areas and farmers have been the focus of central authorities’No.1 documents.
China’s agricultural reform is heading toward agricultural modernization and transformation of its development model. Reform in the agricultural sector should be more than structural change. It should be a change in the production and distribution model. Professional farmers’training should be strengthened because they will be the main force of the agricultural sector.
Mei Xingbao
CPPCC National Committee member， external supervisor at the Bank of China
Accelerating the growth of the western region is a key issue. The western region’s industrial layout should be adjusted to receive industrial transfer from central and eastern regions. In addition， the region can use the Silk Road Economic Belt initiative to realize its full development capacity. Only when the western region prospers can the general goal be achieved. Wang Junjin
NPC deputy， President of JuneYao Group
We should focus on transformation of the economic development model， a mixed ownership economy， state-owned enterprise （SOE） reforms， and more investment opportunities for private capital.
Mixed ownership will reinvigorate the state-owned economy. Both state and private capital can create value for and contribute to society. Authorities should clearly indicate the roadmap and measures to promote the mixed-ownership economy and policies should be consistent.
SOEs should focus on their core business and cut down on subsidiaries for greater operational efficiency. They should absorb more private capital. Their resources combined with the vitality of private enterprises will create new growth points.
Peng Xiaofeng
CPPCC National Committee member， Deputy Director of the Economic Committee of the 12th CPPCC National Committee
Last year， the Chinese economy grew 7.4 percent， a hard-won result as the government rejected rolling out a massive stimulus package. It improved the structure of industries， increased employment， maintained the consumer price index at a relatively low level and pushed forward reforms.
The government work report has lowered the growth target to around 7 percent for this year. Although China has more toleration for slower growth， it needs steady growth， which requires the market to play a key role in allocating resources. Steady growth will facilitate the implementation of the “Four Comprehensives.”
Wang Xuecheng
CPPCC National Committee member， Director of Legislative Affairs Office， Guangdong Provincial Government
Realizing the first three requires the CPC’s leadership. Only by strictly governing the CPC and improving its governance capability can the targets be realized.
A law-based government administration is key to advancing the rule of law. Only when the government functions in accordance with the law can the authority of the Constitution and legislation be established， and everyone in society will follow suit. A law-based society is founded on a law-based government.