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【目的】探讨干旱胁迫对油茶花苞生长以及油茶籽和茶油产量的影响,了解覆盖、松土对缓解油茶干旱的影响。【方法】以6年生‘长林4号’油茶林为试验材料,设置自然状况、干旱胁迫、干旱覆盖及干旱松土4个处理,对其花径生长量、花苞长生长量、单位面积产量、单位面积出油率进行研究。【结果】4种处理之间空气温湿度、光照以及土壤温度的差异不显著,而土壤含水率差异显著。就花苞生长而言,干旱胁迫状况下花径生长量相对于自然状况下降了21.01%,而覆盖、松土使花径生长量较干旱胁迫条件分别上升5.05%、9.81%,但两种措施缓解干旱效果不显著;在干旱胁迫状况下花苞长生长量相对于自然状况下降了23.70%,而覆盖、松土相对于干旱胁迫使花苞长生长量分别增加了13.65%、15.16%,2种措施可以在一定程度上缓解干旱影响。就油茶籽产量而言,与自然状况相比,3种干旱处理单位面积油茶鲜籽产量明显下降,其中没有任何缓解措施的干旱胁迫产量最低,覆盖及松土可以在一定程度上缓解干旱对油茶鲜籽产量的影响。在油脂转化期干旱胁迫对茶油产量影响较大,干旱胁迫相对于自然状况使茶油单位面积产量下降了45.73%,覆盖及松土相对于自然状况分别下降了24.14%、27.40%,说明缓解干旱的措施可以在一定程度上缓解干旱胁迫对茶油产量带来的影响。【结论】干旱胁迫对油茶籽和茶油产量的影响比较显著,对花径、花苞长生长的影响相对不显著,覆盖和松土措施可以在一定程度上缓解干旱对油茶生长、油茶籽和茶油产量的影响,但对花径生长效果不显著。
【Objective】 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of drought stress on the growth of Camellia buds and the yield of Camellia oleifera and Camellia oleifera, and to understand the effects of covering and loosening soil on alleviating the drought of Camellia oleifera. 【Method】 Four-year old ’Camellia oleracea’ forest with 6 years old was used as experimental material to set up 4 treatments including natural condition, drought stress, drought cover and arid soil. The growth of flower diameter, length growth of flower bud, , The unit area of the oil rate research. 【Result】 The results showed that there was no significant difference in air temperature and humidity, light and soil temperature between the four treatments, but the soil moisture content was significantly different. For bud growth, the flower diameter growth under drought stress decreased by 21.01% relative to the natural condition, while the covered and loose soil increased flower diameter growth by 5.05% and 9.81% respectively under drought stress, but both measures were alleviated Compared with natural conditions, the growth of buds decreased by 23.70% under drought stress, while the relative growth of buds increased by 13.65% and 15.16% respectively compared with those under drought stress. The two measures could be To a certain extent, alleviate the impact of drought. As for the yield of Camellia oleifera, compared with the natural condition, the production of fresh seeds of Camellia oleifera decreased significantly in three kinds of drought treatment, among which, the yield of drought-resistant without any mitigation measures was the lowest, covering and loosening could alleviate the drought to some extent. The impact of fresh seed production. Drought stress had a great influence on the yield of tea oil in the period of oil-fat transformation. Compared with the natural condition, the drought stress reduced the yield per unit area of tea oil by 45.73%, and the coverage and loose soil decreased by 24.14% and 27.40% Drought measures can alleviate to a certain extent the effect of drought stress on the yield of tea oil. 【Conclusion】 The effects of drought stress on the yield of Camellia oleifera seed oil and Camellia oleifera were significant. The effects of drought and drought on the growth of Camellia oleifera and Camellia oleifera were alleviated to a certain extent. Oil production, but the growth of flower diameter effect is not significant.