古代汉语的词类,跟现代汉语一样,也分为实词和虚词两大类。实词主要有名词、动词、形容词、代词、数词,虚词主要有副词、介词、连词、语气词。各类词的基本功能(在句子中充当的成份),也是古今大致相同,例如名词经常做主语、宾语、定语,动词经常用作谓语,形容词经常用作定语、谓语、状语,副词经常用作状语,等等。但是,在古代汉语、尤其是上古汉语里,有些词可以按照一定的表达习惯而灵活运用,在句子中临时改变它的词性和基本功能。这种现象,就叫“词类活用”。词类活用主要针对实词而言。古汉语中的名词、动词、形容词、数词,都可 Ancient Chinese part of speech, with modern Chinese, is also divided into two categories of real words and function words. The main real words are nouns, verbs, adjectives, pronouns, numerals, function words are mainly adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, mood words. For example, nouns are often used as subjects, objects, and attributives, verbs are often used as predicates, and adjectives are often used as an attributive, predicate, adverbial, adverbial and often used as a predicate Adverbial, etc. However, in ancient Chinese, especially in ancient Chinese, some words can be flexibly used according to certain expressions and habits, and temporarily change its part-of-speech and basic functions in sentences. This phenomenon is called “word use ”. The use of part of speech is mainly directed to the real words. Ancient Chinese nouns, verbs, adjectives, numbers, can be