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In order to solve the problem of tube failure in vertical U-shaped tubes of high pressure waste heat boilers in large synthetic ammonia plants,three types of inserted turbulator were tested at P=10.6 MPa,which are effective for eliminating boiling heat transfer deterioration in the U-shaped tubes.The pressure drops of the three types of turbulator were determined.The relationships between single-phase frictional factor and Reynolds number were obtained.The Chisholm equation was used to correlate the data of the two-phase pressure drop and a correlation for determining the two-phase frictional multiplier was proposed.Flow pattern observations for the turbulators were carried out in a air-water loop and an overall flow diagram was established.The single twisted tape,which was found to have the lowest frictional pressure drop and the simple structure,is recommended for waste heat boilers for eliminating boiling heat transfer deterioration and ensuring the safe operation of the boiler.
In order to solve the problem of tube failure in vertical U-shaped tubes of high pressure waste heat boilers in large synthetic ammonia plants, three types of inserted turbulator were tested at P = 10.6 MPa, which are effective for eliminating boiling heat transfer deterioration in the U-shaped tubes were pressure drops of the three types of turbulator were determined. These relationships between single-phase frictional factor and Reynolds number were obtained. The Chisholm equation was used to correlate the data of the two-phase pressure drop and a correlation for determining the two-phase frictional multiplier was proposed. Flow pattern observations for the turbulators were carried out in a air-water loop and an overall flow diagram was established. The single twisted tape, which was found to have the lowest frictional pressure drop and the simple structure, is recommended for waste heat boilers for eliminating boiling heat transfer deterioration and ensure the safe operation of the boiler.