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在中国养老保险制度建立与完善过程中,其主要矛盾仍然是如何筹资和如何给付的问题。社会统筹主要通过提高缴费率和扩大覆盖面两条途径来增加基金供给,而现行制度却面临着养老金供给的两难困境。一是提高缴费率增加了基金收入,但不利于经济增长与扩大覆盖面;二是不同群体实行差别费率有利于扩大覆盖面,但加剧了养老金收支的失衡。经数理模型与实证分析,社会统筹缴费率应该保持适度水平,同时应该对不同群体实行差别费率的政策进行调整,以建立养老保障的长效机制。
In the process of establishing and perfecting the pension insurance system in China, the main contradiction is still how to raise funds and how to pay. Social pooling increases fund supply mainly by raising contribution rates and expanding coverage, while the current system faces the dilemma of pension provision. First, raising the contribution rate increased fund income, but not conducive to economic growth and expansion of coverage; Second, the implementation of different groups of different rates conducive to expanding coverage, but exacerbated the imbalance between income and expenditure pension. The mathematical model and empirical analysis, the social contribution rate should be maintained at an appropriate level, and different groups should implement different rates of policy adjustments in order to establish long-term pension security mechanism.