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在强磁场和低温下测量二维电子气的霍尔效应(Hall effect)时,可以观察到量子霍尔效应现象(QHE)。该系统在极限零温度下的实验结果表明:随磁场 B 而变的霍尔电阻呈现出台阶式平稳变化。在实验的不确定度范围内,其每一台阶的平稳值与器件的材料、几何尺寸以及其它参数无关。对于理想系统,R_H 仪与基本常数有关。量子霍尔效应应用于计量学时,应对实际系统的实验结果进行必要的修正。
The quantum Hall effect phenomenon (QHE) can be observed when measuring the Hall effect of two-dimensional electron gas at strong magnetic field and at low temperatures. The experimental results of the system at zero temperature show that the Hall effect as a function of the magnetic field B shows a stepwise change. Within the experimental uncertainty range, the flatness of each step is independent of the material, geometry, and other parameters of the device. For ideal systems, the R_H is related to the basic constants. Quantum Hall effect applied to metrology, the actual system should be the experimental results of the necessary amendments.