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microRNAs(miRNAs)是内源性非编码小RNA,长度约为20～23个核苷酸。miRNAs通过与靶mRNA的互补配对而对基因在转录后水平上的表达进行负调控,导致mRNA的降解或翻译抑制。近年的研究发现,miRNAs在心血管系统高度表达,是心肌细胞功能的重要调节因子,对心律失常的发生起重要作用。多个miRNAs如miR-1、miR-133及miR-208通过不同离子通道的功能来影响心肌电位变化及心脏传导系统,进一步引起心律失常。此外,由于miRNAs与多种心血管系统疾病的发病有重要关系,它可能成为心血管领域一个新的治疗靶标。
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous non-coding small RNAs, about 20-23 nucleotides in length. MiRNAs negatively regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by complementary pairing with target mRNA, resulting in the degradation or translational inhibition of mRNA. Recent studies have found that miRNAs are highly expressed in the cardiovascular system and are important regulators of cardiomyocyte function and play an important role in the development of cardiac arrhythmias. Multiple miRNAs, such as miR-1, miR-133 and miR-208, affect cardiomyocyte potential changes and cardiac conduction systems through different ion channel functions, further causing arrhythmias. In addition, miRNAs may become a new therapeutic target in the cardiovascular field because of their important relationship with the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular diseases.