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第二讲生物化学1《生物化学》中的竞赛热点问题解读1.1 核酸的化学1.1.1 什么是核酸?怎样分类?各类中包括哪些类型?核酸是一类生物高分子化合物。它的基本结构单位为核苷酸,是由数量巨大的单核苷酸聚合而成的长链,因此,核酸又称为多聚核苷酸。核酸在大的方面个为两类:核糖核酸(简称RNA)、脱氧核糖核酸(简称 DNA)。在生物细胞内,RNA 可分为3种类型:(1)核糖体 RNA(简称 rRNA)。约占全部 RNA 总量的80%,是构成核糖体(又称核糖核蛋白体)的成分之一。在原核细胞中,rRNA 有3种,即5SrRNA、16SrRNA、23SrRNA。真核细
Lecture 2 Interpretation of Biochemistry 1 “Biochemistry” Concerning Competition Hot Issues 1.1 Nucleic Acid Chemistry 1.1.1 What are Nucleic Acids? How are they classified? Which types are included in each category? Nucleic acids are a class of biopolymers. Its basic structural unit is a nucleotide, which is a long chain formed by the polymerization of a large number of mononucleotides. Therefore, the nucleic acid is also called a polynucleotide. There are two major categories of nucleic acids: ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (abbreviated as DNA). In biological cells, RNA can be divided into three types: (1) Ribosomal RNA (referred to as rRNA). About 80% of the total RNA is one of the constituents of the ribosome (also known as ribonucleoprotein). In prokaryotic cells, there are 3 kinds of rRNA, 5SrRNA, 16SrRNA, 23SrRNA. Eukaryotic fine