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为了探讨不同有机肥条件下施氮水平对土壤水解酶活性和夏玉米、冬小麦产量的影响,在陕西省眉县进行田间试验,研究和分析土壤水解酶活性及玉米、小麦产量。研究涉及无(0 kg/hm2)、中(22 500 kg/hm2)2个有机肥条件和N0(0 kg/hm2)、N1(60 kg/hm2)、N2(120 kg/hm2)、N3(180 kg/hm2)4个施氮水平。结果表明,施氮对3种土壤水解酶活性均有明显影响,而不同的土壤水解酶对施氮量的响应有所差异。无有机肥和中有机肥条件下,施氮可以提高蔗糖酶活性,前者中量氮肥效果最好,后者低量氮肥效果最佳。无有机肥条件下,低量氮肥可以提高脲酶活性,但中量和高量会抑制其活性,中有机肥条件下,随着施氮量的增加脲酶活性降低。无有机肥和中有机肥条件下,碱性磷酸酶活性随着施氮量的增加呈升高趋势。玉米-小麦生长期内,土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性随生长进程的变化趋势各不相同。无有机肥和中有机肥条件下,施氮明显提高了玉米、小麦产量,低量氮肥对玉米增产效果最好,中量氮肥对小麦增产效果最佳。
In order to investigate the effect of nitrogen application rate on soil hydrolase activity and yield of summer maize and winter wheat under different manure conditions, field experiments were conducted in Mei County of Shaanxi Province to study and analyze soil hydrolase activity and yield of maize and wheat. The study involved two organic manure conditions (0 kg / hm2) and medium (22 500 kg / hm2) with N0 (0 kg / hm2), N1 (60 kg / hm2), N2 180 kg / hm2) four nitrogen levels. The results showed that nitrogen application had significant effects on three soil hydrolase activities, but different soil hydrolases had different responses to nitrogen application. Under the condition of no organic manure and medium organic manure, nitrogen fertilization could increase the activity of sucrase, while the former had the best nitrogen yield, and the latter had the best nitrogen fertilizer efficiency. Under the condition of no organic manure, the low amount of nitrogen fertilizer could increase the urease activity, but the medium and high amount could inhibit its activity. Under medium organic manure, the urease activity decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. Without organic manure and medium organic manure, alkaline phosphatase activity increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. During the growth period of maize and wheat, the changes of soil invertase, urease and alkaline phosphatase activities varied with the growth process. Under the condition of no organic manure and medium organic manure, the nitrogen application obviously increased the yield of maize and wheat, and the low nitrogen fertilizer had the best effect on yield increasing of maize. The medium nitrogen fertilizer had the best effect on yield increasing of wheat.