目的　探讨大鼠雪旺氏细胞对人胚胎神经干细胞生长和分化的作用。方法　实验分为三组 :组一 :干细胞生长于培养雪旺氏细胞 1天后的培养液中 ;组二 :干细胞与雪旺氏细胞共培养 ;组三 :干细胞生长于DMEM F12培养液中。观察干细胞的形态学变化和免疫荧光的表达。结果　组一的神经球分化生长 ,绝大多数细胞tubulin β阳性 ,少数为GalC或GFAP阳性 ;组二中 ,在雪旺氏细胞生长密集和稀少的地方 ,干细胞分别表现为不分化和明显分化两种状态 ;组三的神经干细胞无法正常生长。结论　大鼠雪旺氏细胞分泌物支持人胚胎神经干细胞的生长并诱导其分化。 Objective To investigate the effect of rat Schwann cells on the growth and differentiation of human embryonic neural stem cells. Methods: The experiment was divided into three groups: Group 1: stem cells were cultured in culture medium of Schwann cells cultured for 1 day; group 2: stem cells were co-cultured with Schwann cells; group 3: stem cells were grown in DMEM F12 medium. The morphological changes of stem cells and the expression of immunofluorescence were observed. Results Group 1 neurospheres differentiated and grew, most of the cells were positive for tubulin β, and a few were positive for GalC or GFAP. In group 2, stem cells showed undifferentiated and differentiated Three kinds of neural stem cells can not grow normally. Conclusion Secretion of rat Schwann cells supports the growth of human embryonic neural stem cells and induces their differentiation.