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核燃料后处理是苏联对华核援助的一项关键技术。1960年代中期,中国放弃了苏联援助的沉淀法后处理工艺,改用自主研发的萃取工艺。萃取法后处理工厂的建成标志着中国后处理技术跨入国际先进水平的行列。本文深入考察了中国后处理技术在苏联援助与自主研发之间艰难抉择的来龙去脉,分析了影响工艺抉择的学术性和非学术性因素。同时,本文对苏联在援助中国后处理技术方面是否有所保留进行了探讨。
Nuclear fuel reprocessing is a key technology of the Soviet Union’s assistance to China. In the mid-1960s, China abandoned the Soviet-aid sedimentation method aftertreatment process and switched to an independently developed extraction process. The completion of the extraction and post-treatment plant marks the entry of China’s post-treatment technology into the international advanced level. This article examines the ins and outs of the Chinese post-processing technology’s difficult choice between Soviet aid and independent research and development, and analyzes the academic and non-academic factors that influence the choice of process. At the same time, this article discusses whether the Soviet Union reserves some assistance in assisting the post-processing technology in China.