哥萨克是俄罗斯历史上一个独特的现象。作为一个独特的军事团体,哥萨克形成于16世纪末,为沙皇俄国对外殖民扩张立下了汗马功劳。随着苏联的建立,哥萨克作为一个阶层被取消。20世纪末随着苏联的解体,哥萨克又开始复兴。哥萨克复兴运动并非偶然,也不是突发的历史现象,它是历史发展的必然结果,是时代的要求。哥萨克复兴主要是其文化复兴,但文化复兴仅是其形式,其目的是恢复哥萨克作为一个亚民族的权利、义务和军事功能。 Cossacks are a unique phenomenon in Russian history. As a unique military organization, Cossack formed in the late 16th century and made great contributions to the expansion of Tsarist Russia’s colonies abroad. With the establishment of the Soviet Union, Cossacks were canceled as a class. As the Soviet Union collapsed in the late 20th century, the Cossacks began to revive. The Cossack revival movement is not accidental nor a sudden historical phenomenon. It is an inevitable result of historical development and a requirement of the times. The Cossack revival is primarily its cultural renaissance, but cultural revival is only its form and its purpose is to restore Cossacks rights, obligations and military functions as a Asian nation.