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润滑油的作用是通过油膜把互相滑动的金属副分开,以减少摩擦、磨损,防止温度上升和烧结。但在润滑条件变得严酷时,油膜会因热或机械的作用而破坏,以至失去润滑作用,使摩擦、磨损增大,导至烧结。在这种情况下使润滑油能保持润滑性能的添加剂称为极压剂,广泛用于齿轮油、切削油、发动机油、液压油等一般润滑油中。极压剂可分为下列三种类型:①油性剂:如脂肪酸、酯、醇等,它们吸附在金属表面起润滑作用;②抗磨剂:如磷酸酯、二烷基二硫代磷酸锌等,可以防止低负荷下的磨损;③极压剂:它是含有硫、氯原子的有机化合物,能和金属表面反应,生成某种固体润滑剂,可以防止高压条件下的磨损和烧结。这些分类未必有严格的界限,往往一种添加剂同时兼有他种添加剂的特性。
The role of the oil is to slide the metal through the oil film separated from each other to reduce friction, wear and tear to prevent temperature rise and sintering. However, when the lubrication conditions become harsh, the oil film will be destroyed due to thermal or mechanical action, as well as the loss of lubrication, friction, wear increases, leading to sintering. Additives that lubricate lubricants under these conditions are called extreme pressure agents and are widely used in general lubricants such as gear oils, cutting oils, engine oils, and hydraulic fluids. Extreme pressure agents can be divided into the following three types: oily agents: such as fatty acids, esters, alcohols, which adsorbed on the metal surface lubrication; anti-wear agents: such as phosphate, zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate , To prevent wear under low load; ③ extreme pressure agent: It is an organic compound containing sulfur and chlorine atoms, and the metal surface reaction to generate a solid lubricant, to prevent wear and sintering under high pressure conditions. These categories do not necessarily have strict boundaries, often an additive that combines the properties of other additives.