目的探讨2,5-己二酮(HD)对大鼠坐骨神经中神经丝、微丝、微管等骨架蛋白的影响。方法 Wistar雄性大鼠,经腹腔染毒,剂量分别为100和300 mg/(kg·bw),连续8周(每周5 d)。处死一半动物并分离、冻存坐骨神经。另一半动物停止染毒、自然恢复8周后取材。采用免疫组化方法检测大鼠坐骨神经中高分子量神经丝(NF-H)、中分子量神经丝(NF-M)、低分子量神经丝(NF-L)、β-肌动蛋白(β-actin)和β-管蛋白(β-tubulin)的相对含量。结果剂量组NF-H、NF-M、NF-L相对含量在染毒8周时均降低,下降至对照组的81%~92%,且呈现剂量-反应关系;染毒8周又自然恢复8周时相对含量较染毒8周时无明显变化。β-actin的相对含量与对照组相比无明显变化。β-tubulin的相对含量在染毒8周时无明显变化,染毒8周又自然恢复8周时300 mg/(kg·bw)剂量组明显降低。结论 HD导致大鼠坐骨神经中骨架蛋白的改变自然恢复8周后无明显变化。 Objective To investigate the effect of 2, 5-hexanedione (HD) on skeletal proteins such as nerve filaments, microfilaments and microtubules in rat sciatic nerve. Methods Male Wistar rats were treated intraperitoneally with doses of 100 and 300 mg / (kg · bw) respectively for 8 weeks (5 days a week). Half of the animals were sacrificed and isolated, and the sciatic nerve was frozen. The other half of the animals stopped exposure and recovered naturally after 8 weeks. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of NF-H, NF-M, NF-L, β-actin in the sciatic nerve and The relative content of β-tubulin. Results The relative content of NF-H, NF-M and NF-L in the dose group decreased at 8 weeks and decreased to 81% -92% in the control group, and showed a dose-response relationship. After 8 weeks of exposure, When the relative content of 8 weeks compared with no significant changes. β-actin relative content compared with the control group no significant change. The relative content of β-tubulin did not change significantly at 8 weeks of exposure, and decreased significantly at 300 mg / (kg · bw) after 8 weeks of natural exposure and 8 weeks of natural recovery. Conclusion HD induced a change of scaffold protein in rat sciatic nerve with no obvious change after 8 weeks of natural recovery.