早产儿支气管肺发育不良(bronchopulmonary dysplasia，BPD)是早产儿呼吸系统严重的合并症，其病因及发病机制复杂，目前尚未明确。近年来，有研究表明呼吸道微生态的改变与BPD的发生发展存在一定关联，在早产儿发展为BPD之前，其呼吸道微生态已经发生了改变，包括微生物多样性和演变方式的异常。因此，研究新生儿呼吸道微生态的定植和演变以及与BPD的关系，可为其防治提供新的思路。“,”Bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)is a serious complication of respiratory system in preterm infants.The etiology and pathogenesis are complex and have not been clarified yet.In recent years, studies have shown that there is a certain relationship between respiratory microecology and BPD.Before premature infants develop BPD, their respiratory tract microecology has changed, including abnormal microbial diversity and evolution pattern.Therefore, research on the colonization and evolution of neonatal respiratory tract microecology and its relationship with BPD is expected to provide new ideas for its prevention and treatment.