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目的探讨致死浓度氧(95%)与新生鼠肺发育及损伤的关系,建立支气管肺发育不良动物模型。方法将3dSD新生鼠随机分为高氧(95%)和空气氧组,并和成年鼠对照,观察记录体质量、身长;HE染色观察肺组织形态结构,做辐射状肺泡计数(RAC)。结果(1)高氧新生鼠和成年鼠死亡率分别为12.5%、35.2%,与正常空气氧组比较,新生鼠体质量(18.02±0.68vs13.24±0.59)和身长(8.83±0.25vs6.76±0.51)增长明显减少(P<0.05)。(2)高氧新生鼠RAC值为9.50±1.05,较正常同日龄新生鼠(13.00±1.79)明显减少(P<0.05),高氧成年鼠RAC值(12.67±2.25)比高氧新生鼠为高(P<0.05),跟正常空气组新生鼠差异不明显(P>0.05)。(3)10d新生鼠肺结构已接近成年鼠肺,高氧组新生大鼠可见肺泡壁较薄、结构简单化、数目明显减少,肺泡大小不均,有些肺泡融合、体积增加,部分间隔细胞增多,小血管扩张、充血;成年鼠高氧组肺间质水肿、肺间隔增厚、肺泡腔缩小,肺间隔伊红显色强度增强,肺泡腔内出现红细胞、巨噬细胞及脱落的肺上皮细胞。结论新生大鼠暴露于92%￣95%氧7d可致生长障碍和肺泡化阻滞,出现类似早产儿支气管肺发育不良的肺组织形态特征。
Objective To investigate the relationship between the lethal concentration of oxygen (95%) and lung development and injury in neonatal rats and to establish a model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Methods Newborn SD rats were randomly divided into high oxygen group (95%) and air oxygen group, and compared with adult rats. The body weight and body length of the rats were observed and recorded. The morphology of lung tissue was observed by HE staining. Radial alveolar count (RAC) was performed. Results The mortality of neonatal and adult rats were 12.5% and 35.2%, respectively. Compared with normal air oxygen group, the newborn rats’ body weight (18.02 ± 0.68vs13.24 ± 0.59) and body length (8.83 ± 0.25vs6. 76 ± 0.51) decreased significantly (P <0.05). (2) The RAC value of hypoxic neonatal rats was 9.50 ± 1.05, which was significantly lower than that of normal neonatal rats (13.00 ± 1.79) (P <0.05). The RAC value of hypoxic neonatal rats was (12.67 ± 2.25) (P <0.05), but no significant difference with normal air group (P> 0.05). (3) The lung structure of neonatal rats on day 10d was close to the lungs of adult rats. In the neonatal rats of hyperoxia group, the alveolar walls were thinner, the structure was simplified, the numbers were obviously reduced, the size of alveoli was not uniform, some alveolar fusion, volume increased, , Small blood vessels dilate and hyperemia; adult rats with hyperoxia group interstitial edema, thickening of the lungs, alveolar contraction, enhancement of the color intensity of the lungs Eosin, red blood cells, macrophages and shedding of lung epithelial cells in the alveolar cavity . Conclusion Exposure to 92% ~ 95% oxygen 7d in neonatal rats results in growth retardation and alveolar blockage, and lung morphology similar to that in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.