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为研究校车3点式安全带肩带上部有效固定点布置位置对12岁儿童乘员损伤的影响,在多刚体动力学软件(MADYMO)中建立包括校车地板、前后排座椅、安全带和假人的校车正面碰撞工况下的约束系统模型。利用一款经过验证的校车模型进行仿真试验,通过正交试验方法优化肩带上部有效固定点位置,研究安全带对12岁儿童乘员的保护效果。结果表明,肩带上部有效固定点位置高度接近12岁儿童肩部高度,对其位置正交优化后,根据儿童完全伤害评价指标(WIC)选出的最佳位置为(-0.197,0.024,0.52),相较于2点式安全带,采用该位置的3点式安全带对应12岁儿童的头部伤害指标(HIC15)降低84.8%,颈部伤害指标(Nij)降低68.9%,胸部压缩量(THPC)虽升高了271.5%但仍在标准限值内。
In order to study the influence of the effective fixed point arrangement on the upper part of school bus 3-point safety belt shoulder strap on the occupant injury in 12-year-old children, a multi-body dynamics software (MADYMO) was built to include the school bus floor, front and rear seats, The restraint system model of school bus in frontal collision. A validated school bus model was used to carry out simulation tests. The orthogonal test method was used to optimize the effective fixed point position on the upper shoulder strap to study the protective effect of seat belts on 12-year-old children’s occupants. The results show that the effective fixed point in the upper part of the shoulder strap is highly close to the shoulder height of the 12-year-old children. After the orthogonal optimization, the best position selected according to the WIC is (-0.197,0.024,0.52 ), Compared with 2-point seat belts, 3-point seat belts at this position correspond to a 12-year-old child with a head injury index (HIC15) reduction of 84.8%, a neck injury index (Nij) reduction of 68.9% (THPC) increased by 271.5% but still within the standard limits.