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目的通过对武威市2011-2014年流感病原学监测分析,了解武威市流感疫情动态、规律、分布及趋势,及时发现流感病毒新型病毒株及其抗原变异程度,为制定防治策略提供科学依据。方法对2011-2014年武威市人民医院门诊病历2 033例疑似流感患者无菌采集咽拭子,冷链运输并采用Real time PCR法检测流感病毒A型(Flu A)、流感病毒B型(Flu B),并对阳性样进行分型。结果 Real time PCR法检出流感阳性351份(17.26%),包括170份Flu B(8.36%)、107份季节性H3(5.26%)、72份H1N1(3.54%)和2份季节性H1(0.10%)。2012年阳性率最高为28.41%,其次为2013年(19.07%)和2014年(15.04%),2011年阳性率最低(6.00%),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=77.26,P<0.05)。男性患者的流感病毒检出率较女性患者低(χ~2=136.61,P<0.05)。3~岁组阳性率为21.77%,明显高于其他年龄组(χ~2=764.06,P<0.05)。结论武威地区2011-2014年流行性感冒主要由Flu B引起,其流行有明显的季节特征和人群特征,防控重点应以群聚人群为主,采取综合防控措施,控制疫情蔓延。
Objective To understand the dynamics, regularity, distribution and trend of influenza in Wuwei city by monitoring and analyzing the influenza etiology of Wuwei city in 2011-2014 and find out the extent of the variation of new virus strains and antigen in time in order to provide a scientific basis for the development of prevention and control strategies. Methods A total of 2 033 suspected influenza patients from outpatient medical records in Wuwei People ’s Hospital during 2011-2014 were collected for aseptic collection of throat swabs and cold chains. Real time PCR was used to detect influenza A (Flu A), influenza B B), and positive samples were typed. Results A total of 351 influenza viruses (17.26%) were detected by Real time PCR, including 170 Flu B (8.36%), 107 seasonal H3 (5.26%), 72 H1N1 (3.54%) and 2 seasonal H1 0.10%). The highest positive rate was 28.41% in 2012, the second highest was in 2013 (19.07%) and the third was in 2014 (15.04%), the lowest was in 2011 (6.00%), the difference was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 77.26, P <0.05 ). The detection rate of influenza virus in male patients was lower than that in female patients (χ ~ 2 = 136.61, P <0.05). The positive rate of 3 ~ age group was 21.77%, which was significantly higher than other age groups (χ ~ 2 = 764.06, P <0.05). Conclusion Influenza in 2011-2014 in Wuwei area was mainly caused by Flu B, and its epidemiology had obvious seasonal characteristics and population characteristics. The prevention and control of influenza should be dominated by agglomerations, and comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken to control the spread of the epidemic.