阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔的遗嘱奠定了诺贝尔奖项的基础。就文学奖而言,遗嘱指明了作品的文学性、价值取向、获选人国籍问题等若干评奖条件。基于对遗嘱的文本细读,本文试图阐明国內学界对其标准之一的“理想主义”的误读;此外,通过还原历史语境,探讨诺贝尔文学奖的源起与十九世纪末二十世纪初欧洲文学思潮的关系;最后,在民族主义和欧洲中心主义的视域里考察该奖项的历史。 Alfred Nobel’s will laid the foundation of the Nobel Prize. As far as the Literary Prize is concerned, the will specifies a number of award conditions for the literary nature of the work, its value orientation and the nationality of its candidates. Based on a careful reading of the will of the will, this article attempts to clarify the misunderstanding of one of its standards by the domestic academic circles. In addition, by reconstructing the historical context, the origin of the Nobel Prize in Literature is discussed with the origin of the 19th century The relationship of European literary trends in the early twentieth century; and finally, the history of the prize in the context of nationalism and Eurocentrism.