为了调查微量元素对电厂尘肺患病率（甲厂＞乙厂）的影响，分别用中子活化法和原子吸收法测定两电厂粉尘、排放水和职工头发中化学元素含量，用邻苯三酚自氧化法测定接尘人员血中SOD，结果发现甲厂粉尘中V、Cr、Co、Mn和稀土元素含量比乙厂商，有显著性意义；乙厂比甲厂高的元素有Zn、fe、As、Ba，而Ni、Cd未见显著性差异。甲厂工业排放水中Cr也明显高于乙厂。提示V、Cr、De、Mn和稀土元素对尘肺的形成有促进作用，而Zn，Se有抑制作用。 In order to investigate the effect of trace elements on the prevalence of pneumoconiosis (A plant> B plant) in power plant, the content of chemical elements in the power plant dust, discharged water and workers’ hair was measured by neutron activation method and atomic absorption method respectively. Pyrogallol The results showed that the content of V, Cr, Co, Mn and REE in the dust of A plant was significantly higher than that of B company. The higher plants of B plant than the A plant included Zn, Fe, As, Ba, while Ni, Cd showed no significant difference. A factory discharge of industrial water Cr is also significantly higher than the B plant. Prompted V, Cr, De, Mn and rare earth elements on the formation of pneumoconiosis promote role, while Zn, Se inhibition.