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禅宗典籍中最有魅力的是公案,公案语录属于对话交际的一种,禅师通过公案接引后学,学人凭借公案验证佛理。从语用学的合作原则来看,公案语言充满对合作原则四个准则的背离,却处处体现着禅师的良苦用心。这些看似违背合作原则的言语实际上却是以表面不合作达到终极合作,其宗旨是实现心灵主体的超越,达到回归本心的境界。要保证公案交际的成功,交际内容、主体和语境这三个要素缺一不可,只有禅师用原发自创的个性化方式,在日常性的禅修中应机接物,交流禅体验,才是合作原则的终极体现。执着于表面文字,无法摆脱言语羁绊,或是学到皮毛后程式化地仿效祖师言句,都是背道而驰,离悟道之门愈行愈远,灭失了禅宗的独立精神。
The most attractive of Zen books is the case of public record, the case of Quotations belongs to a kind of dialogue, Zen master through the case after the introduction of learning, scholars validate Buddhism with a public case. From the pragmatic principles of cooperation point of view, the case of a language full of deviations from the four principles of cooperation, but everywhere reflect the good intentions of the Zen master. These seemingly contrary to the principle of cooperation is actually the verbal non-cooperation on the surface to achieve the ultimate cooperation, its purpose is to achieve the spiritual body beyond the reach of the realm of return to the heart. In order to ensure the success, communicative content, main body and context of the communicative act, all of the three elements are indispensable. Only Zen master can use the personalized way of the original manuscript to mediate Zen experience in daily meditation, It is the ultimate embodiment of the principle of cooperation. Being clinging to the surface of the text, unable to get rid of the fetters of speech, or stylized imitation of the Patriarchs after learning the fur, are contrary to the enlightenment of the door, the more and more far, the loss of Zen’s independence.