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自然法与自然权利可谓西方政治和法律思想的中枢神经。但是,与古代和中古的自然法理论不同,近代以降的自然权利论具有激进主义的色彩,这种激进品质的最终根源在于犹太一基督教创世论中对自然的独特理解,在经过中世纪近千年的融合和冲突之后,最终将根植于异教自然观念的自然法理论改造成了具有个人主义和普世主义色彩的自然权利论。本文试图对这一惊人的“变形记”在近代早期的发展历程进行简要的梳理,尤其探讨了犹太约法传统和卡巴拉传统对这一转变的作用和意义这一长期被学界忽视的问题。
Natural law and natural rights can be described as the central nervous system of Western political and legal thought. However, unlike the ancient and medieval theories of natural law, the modern theory of natural rights is characterized by radicalism. The ultimate root cause of this radical quality lies in the unique understanding of nature in Judeo-Christian creationism. After centuries of the Middle Ages After the fusion and conflict, the theory of natural law rooted in the concept of paganism was finally transformed into a natural rights theory with individualism and universalism. This article tries to outline briefly the development of this amazing “Metamorphosis” in the early modern times, especially the long-neglected issue of the role and significance of the Judaic tradition and the Kabbalah tradition in this transformation .