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目的分析学龄期注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)儿童智力的自然发育特征。方法 306例未经治疗的注意缺陷多动障碍儿童,按照年龄不同分为3组(6~7岁组;8~9岁组;10~11岁组);患儿年龄在6~11岁之间,平均(8.36±1.45)岁,其中男256例、女50例,采用中国韦氏儿童智力量表(Chinese Wechsler Intelligence Scale for children,C-WISC)测试其智力并对测试结果进行分析。结果三组儿童在知识、词汇、领悟、积木、拼图、译码的有统计学意义(P<0.05),除译码外,均表现为高年龄组优于低年龄组;8~9岁组和10~11岁组在言语理解因子上的量表分明显优于6~7岁组;10~11岁组在知觉组织因子上的量表分明显优于6~7岁组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);3组儿童在其他分测验、言语量表、操作量表、全量表及记忆/注意因子上差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论未经治疗的学龄期ADHD儿童智力发育存在异常;随着年龄增长,除记忆/注意因子外,其他发育异常因子有逐渐缓解的趋势。
Objective To analyze the natural developmental features of childhood mental retardation in children with school-age attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods A total of 306 untreated ADHD children were divided into 3 groups (6-7 years old; 8-9 years old; 10-11 years old) according to their age. The children aged 6-11 years old (Mean 8.36 ± 1.45 years), including 256 males and 50 females. The intelligence of Chinese Wechsler Intelligence Scale for children (C-WISC) was tested and the test results were analyzed. Results Three groups of children had statistically significant differences in knowledge, vocabulary, comprehension, building blocks, jigsaw puzzles and decoding (P <0.05) And 10 to 11-year-old group in speech comprehension factor scale was significantly better than 6 to 7 years old group; 10 to 11-year-old group in the perceived tissue factor scale was significantly better than 6 to 7-year-old group, the difference was Statistical significance (P <0.05). There was no significant difference between the three groups in other sub-tests, verbal scales, operating scales, full scales and memory / attention factors (P> 0.05). Conclusion There is abnormal intelligence development in untreated school-aged ADHD children. With age, other developmental abnormalities tend to be alleviated with the exception of memory / attention factors.