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前言尽管锌的标准电势值相当低,但由于在金属表面可形成稳定的保护膜,所以它在接近中性水溶液或在一般大气条件下有很好的耐蚀性。然而,在较苛刻的腐蚀条件下,可导致保护膜的破坏。最常见的腐蚀产物是在潮湿贮存条件下出现白色锈斑。通常用含有铬酸盐类或亚硝酸盐类的无机配方就可以得到预防,而且有许多报道和专利可供选用。磷酸盐复合物也是经常使用的,但是其他非氧化型缓蚀剂对锌的腐蚀似乎没有缓蚀性。虽然亚硝酸盐、铬酸盐类有良好的效果,但由于它们都有毒,故其使用还存在许多问题。目前已经提出的其他缓蚀剂配方,也没有多大进展。
Introduction Although the standard potential of zinc is quite low, since it forms a stable protective film on the metal surface, it has good corrosion resistance near neutral aqueous solutions or under normal atmospheric conditions. However, under harsher etching conditions, damage to the protective film can result. The most common corrosion products are white rust spots in wet storage conditions. Prevention is often achieved with inorganic formulations containing chromates or nitrites, and many reports and patents are available. Phosphate complexes are also frequently used, but other non-oxidizing corrosion inhibitors appear to be non-corrosive to zinc. Although nitrites and chromates have a good effect, they have many problems due to their toxicity. Other corrosion inhibitor formulations that have been proposed so far have not made much headway.