目的：探讨ｂｃｌ２、ｐ５３蛋白在食管鳞癌（ＥＳＣ）的发生、发展中的作用及相互间的关系。方法：利用免疫组织化学技术（ＬＳＡＢ），检测了６５例ＥＳＣ和５３例癌旁鳞状上皮组织中ｂｃｌ２与ｐ５３蛋白的表达。结果：ｂｃｌ２蛋白与ＥＳＣ的分化程度关系密切，且其表达与１年生存率呈负相关；ｐ５３蛋白在ＥＳＣ组织中的表达明显高于癌旁鳞状上皮组织，且与ＥＳＣ的临床分期呈负相关，与淋巴结转移呈负相关。结论：ｂｃｌ２和ｐ５３蛋白可能在ＥＳＣ的发生过程中起重要作用，且与ＥＳＣ的发展关系密切，ｂｃｌ２和ｐ５３蛋白在ＥＳＣ的发生发展中可能协同作用。 Objective: To investigate the role of bcl-2 and p53 proteins in the occurrence and development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESC) and their relationship. Methods: Immunohistochemical technique (LSAB) was used to detect the expression of bcl2 and p53 protein in 65 ESCs and 53 paracancerous squamous epithelial tissues. RESULTS: bcl2 protein was closely related to the degree of differentiation of ESCs, and its expression was negatively correlated with the 1-year survival rate. The expression of p53 protein in ESC tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent squamous epithelial tissues, and it was also related to the clinical stage of ESCs. Negative correlation and negative correlation with lymph node metastasis. Conclusion: bcl2 and p53 proteins may play an important role in the development of ESCs, and have close relationship with the development of ESCs. bcl2 and p53 proteins may play a synergistic role in the development of ESCs.