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目前我国大多数城市对公交企业亏损都是采用政府和企业协商确定政策性亏损补贴的方法,这种方法不仅未能使公交企业因补贴而摆脱经营困境,而且使政府财政补贴负担反而越来越重。因此制定科学的城市公共交通财政补贴测算方法显得尤为迫切和重要。基于这种情况,应用经济学中的资源配置问题,将公交运营收入财政补贴和公交车辆改造财政补贴看作2种资源,并将其分别分配到道路交通和轨道交通中,然后根据线性规划的对偶理论构建城市公共交通财政补贴测算模型,并由线性规划的对偶理论揭示政府对道路交通和轨道交通的补贴单价为资源配置优化问题中线性规划模型的影子价格,也即对偶问题的最优解。最后以某市为例,验证模型的可行性。
At present, most of the cities in our country have adopted the method that the government and the enterprises negotiate to determine the policy-oriented loss subsidy for the loss of the bus companies. This method not only fails to free the bus companies from operating difficulties due to subsidies, but also makes the government’s financial subsidy burden more and more weight. Therefore, it is particularly urgent and important to formulate a scientific measurement method of financial subsidies for urban public transport. Based on this situation, the issue of resource allocation in applied economics considers the financial subsidies for bus operation revenues and the financial subsidies for bus reconstruction as two kinds of resources and allocates them separately to road traffic and rail transit. Then, according to the linear programming Duality theory to build a model of urban public transport financial subsidies, and the dual theory of linear programming reveals that the government subsidies for road traffic and rail transportation are the shadow prices of the linear programming model in resource allocation optimization, that is, the optimal solution of duality problem . Finally, take a certain city as an example to verify the feasibility of the model.