由于对特发性胸腔积液的长期结局尚未取得统一的评价意见，因此对其治疗有积极（特别是结核菌素试验阳性者）和保守两种方案。本文报道作者对待发性胸腔积液演变过程的10年前瞻性随访研究结果。材料与方法1984年1月至1991年3月期间因胸腔积液住院的394例患者中53例（l．5％）经 Because of the long-term outcome of idiopathic pleural effusion has not yet made a unified evaluation, so the treatment of positive (especially tuberculin test positive) and conservative two programs. This article reports the authors’ 10-year prospective follow-up of the evolution of the treatment of persistent pleural effusion. Materials and Methods 53 patients (1.5%) of 394 patients hospitalized for pleural effusion between January 1984 and March 1991 were