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根据黑河干流出山径流控制站莺落峡、中游的高崖和正义峡等水文站的径流和区域内的气象资料,以及中游的地下水位资料,对黑河上中游来水的年际变化和年内分配,径流沿程变化规律及其影响因素进行分析研究。结果表明:(1)黑河干流出山径流自1945年以来整体上呈小幅增加趋势,其年内最大径流月份在进入21世纪后,由7月份推后至8月份,主要受降水的影响;(2)高崖和正义峡断面的水量自1977年以来呈微弱增加趋势,前者增幅略大于后者;由于中游社会经济发展引起用水增加,莺落峡至高崖区间的耗水量以每年近850× 10~4m~3的增量变化,而高崖至正义峡区间灌溉回归水和地下水补给河道的水量与区间灌溉引水和其他耗水量基本持平;(3)地下水的超量开采一定程度上减缓了黑河干流统一调度的压力,但不利于流域水资源的可持续利用。该研究成果对于今后黑河水资源科学配置、合理调度具有一定的参考和指导作用。
Based on the runoff and regional meteorological data of Yaluo Gorge, the middle reaches of the high cliff and the Zhengyi Gorge, and the groundwater table in the middle reaches, the interannual variability and distribution of incoming water in the upper and middle reaches of the Heihe River are analyzed , The variation of runoff and its influencing factors were analyzed. The results show that: (1) The runoff from the main stream of Heihe River has been increasing slightly since 1945, and the maximum runoff month in the year after it entered the 21st century was pushed back from July to August, mainly due to precipitation; (2) The amount of water in the sections of Gaoya and Zhengyixia shows a slight increase since 1977, while the former increases slightly more than the latter. Due to the increase of water consumption due to the socio-economic development in the middle reaches, the water consumption in Yingluoxia-Gaoyao reaches nearly 850 × 10 ~ 4m ~ 3, while the amount of return irrigation water and groundwater supply channel from Gaoya to Zhengyixia area is basically the same as the interval water diversion and other water consumption; (3) Over-exploitation of groundwater slowed the unification of the mainstream of the Heihe River to a certain extent Dispatch pressure, but not conducive to the sustainable use of water resources in the basin. The research results have some reference and guidance for the scientific allocation and reasonable scheduling of Heihe water resources in the future.