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为揭示水稻土有机质的变化规律,通过长期定位施肥试验研究了27年的不同施肥处理水稻土中有机质含量及其组成。结果表明,长期施肥不同处理的土壤有机质消长呈现明显差异,在等量氮、磷、钾养分的前提下,长期有机-无机肥配施比无肥或单施化肥更有利于稻田土壤有机质的积累;单施化肥、有机-无机肥配施各处理土壤腐殖酸、HA、FA变化趋势基本相同,但有机-无机肥配施土壤腐殖酸、HA、FA一直高于无肥及化肥处理,而且有机-无机肥配施有利于土壤中HA和FA的增加,HA/FA比值随着时间的延伸逐渐减小;有机-无机肥配施可以提高土壤易氧化有机质含量;而且长期施肥土壤有机质与易氧化有机质呈极显著正相关,与全氮、水解氮含量及产量显著正相关。易氧化有机质与土壤全氮、有效磷含量及产量呈显著正相关。其中水稻产量与易氧化有机质的相关性(r=0.818 1*)比与有机质(r=0.802 0)的相关性较高,说明易氧化有机质对水稻增产有较大的贡献。
In order to reveal the variation of organic matter in paddy soils, the organic matter content and its composition in different fertilization paddy soils for 27 years were studied through long-term fertilization experiments. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the growth and decline of soil organic matter under long-term fertilization. Under the same amount of N, P and K nutrients, the long-term organic-inorganic fertilizer application was more beneficial to the accumulation of soil organic matter The humic acid, HA and FA tended to be the same with the application of chemical fertilizers and organic-inorganic fertilizers, but the contents of humic acid, HA and FA in organic-inorganic fertilizers were always higher than those without fertilizers and chemical fertilizers, In addition, the application of organic-inorganic fertilizers was beneficial to the increase of HA and FA in the soil, and the HA / FA ratio decreased gradually with the extension of time. Combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers could increase the content of soil organic matter easily oxidized. There was a significant positive correlation between organic matter and organic matter, which was positively correlated with total nitrogen, hydrolyzed nitrogen and yield. There was a significant positive correlation between organic matter and soil total N, available phosphorus and yield. Among them, the correlation between rice yield and organic matter (r = 0.818 1 *) and organic matter (r = 0.802 0) were higher, which indicated that the organic matter with easy oxidation had a greater contribution to the increase of rice yield.