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三峡工程的建设对长江鱼类产生了显著的影响.为了解三峡工程建设后长江上游鲢的种群状况,根据2008-2010年在江津江段采集的149尾标本对鲢的年龄和生长特征进行了研究.采集到的鲢体长范围为95.0～860.0mm,平均体长为(451.1±171.6)mm,体质量范围为13.5～9 750.0g,平均体质量为(2 314.2±2 125.9)g.鲢鳞片上的年轮表现为闭合性切割和疏密特征,年龄结构由0+～5+龄共6个龄组组成,其中优势龄组为1+～4+龄.体长(L)与鳞径(R)呈显著的线性关系:L=139.841 2R+15.973 4;与体质量(W)呈显著的幂函数关系:W=1.876 7×10-5 L2.992 5.长江上游江津江段鲢为匀速生长类型,其Von Bertalanffy生长方程为Lt=1 036.974 8[1-e-0.188 2(t+0.216 5)],Wt=19 864.662 3[1-e-0.188 2(t+0.216 5)]2.992 5,其生长拐点年龄为5.80龄.尽管年龄结构和生长性能表现出一定的衰退趋势,但与湖泊、水库中的鲢种群相比,长江上游鲢种群仍然具有相对复杂的年龄结构和较优的生长性能.三峡工程建设后,长江上游已逐渐成为鲢重要的栖息地和产卵场,该江段鲢种群在4大家鱼资源保护中应该得到重点保护.
The construction of the Three Gorges Project has had a significant impact on the Yangtze River fish.In order to understand the population status of the silver carp in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River after the construction of the Three Gorges Project, the age and growth characteristics of silver carp were studied based on 149 specimens collected from the Jiangjin section of 2008-2010 The body weight ranged from 13.5 to 9 750.0 g and the average body weight was (2314.2 ± 2 125.9) g. The silver carp The annual rings on the scales showed closed cutting and densification, and the age structure consisted of 6 age groups of 0 + ~ 5 + age groups, in which the dominant age group was 1 + 4 + (R) showed a significant linear relationship: L = 139.841 2R + 15.973 4 and body weight (W) showed a significant power function relationship: W = 1.876 7 × 10-5 L2.992 5. Jiangjin section of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River silver carp Is a constant growth type, the growth equation of Von Bertalanffy is Lt = 1 036.974 8 [1-e-0.188 2 (t + 0.216 5)], Wt = 19 864.662 3 [1-e-0.188 2 (t + 0.216 5)] 2.992 5, the age of inflection point is 5.80 years old.Although the age structure and growth performance showed a certain decline trend, but compared with the silver carp in lakes and reservoirs, the upper reaches of the Yangtze River silver carp populations are still relatively complex Age structure and better growth performance.After the construction of the Three Gorges Project, the upper reaches of the Yangtze River have gradually become an important habitat and spawning grounds for silver carp, and the silver carp and silver carp populations should be given the key protection in the protection of 4 major fish resources.