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两百年前,在西方机械化时期,马克思从资本主义制度方面对“劳动异化”进行了剖析,他指出“机器具有减少人类劳动和使劳动更有成效的神奇力量,然而却引起了饥饿和过度的疲劳”。随着近代工业化进程的推进,法兰克福学派对“技术异化”也进行了批判,马尔库塞的《单向度的人》指出,技术与人的自由、幸福相对立,技术越进步,个人的本性就越受压制,人已成为一种只有物质生活而无精神生活的“单向度的人”,社会也成为一种“单向度的社会”。而对于可以说同样现代化的今天的中国,我们也出现了这种“异化”现象,越来越多的现代人感到不那么幸福,感到越来越迷失了自我。而且劳动这种最基本的生存手段也变得更加没有诗意,没有艺术性。
Two hundred years ago, in the era of Western mechanization, Marx analyzed “labor dissimilation” from the capitalist system. He pointed out that “the machinery has the miraculous power of reducing human labor and making labor more effective, but it causes hunger and over-exploitation fatigue”. With the advancing of the process of industrialization in modern times, the Frankfurt school also criticized the “technology dissimilation”. Marcuse’s “one-dimensional man” pointed out that technology is independent of human being’s freedom and happiness, that the more advanced the technology and the individual’s nature The more suppressed, the person has become a “one-dimensional person” with material life and no spiritual life, and society has also become a “one-dimensional society.” And for the present-day China that can be said to be just as modernized, we have also seen this phenomenon of “alienation.” More and more modern people feel less happy and feel more and more lost themselves. Moreover, the most basic means of subsistence of labor has also become more poetic and artistic.