近年来,经济学家们对美国在国际市场上竞争能力不断下降这一明显事实非常注意。这个问题经常被作为正在不断下降的“劳动生产率”来讨论。这是一个含糊的名词,通常当作一定数量的生产成本对一定数量的劳动力的比率。把在自由市场体制中的资本积累看作是经济进步的原动力的新古典经济学家们,总是强调低资本形成率的政府的各种干预和工会是这 In recent years, economists have paid great attention to the apparent fact that the United States is losing its competitiveness in the international market. This problem is often discussed as falling labor productivity. This is a vague term, usually taken as the ratio of a certain amount of production cost to a certain amount of labor force. The neoclassical economists who regarded the accumulation of capital in the free market system as the driving force of economic progress always stressed that the various government interventions and trade unions with low rates of capital formation are