本文考察了20世纪初叶中国自治思潮和自治运动的形成、发展及其历史原因。认为自治思潮对清末民 初的政局演变和制度变迁产生了深远影响,有助于传播西学,开启民智,也有助于中国政治制度的早期现代化,并 成为早期共产主义者思想转变的契机。因而在中国近代思想史和政治史上应占有一席之地。自治实验的破产证 明了资产阶级和平改造中国的方案的空想性。 This article examines the formation, development and historical reasons of the trend of Chinese autonomy and autonomy in the early 20th century. They thought that the trend of autonomy had a far-reaching impact on the political and institutional changes in late Qing and early Republic of China, which helped to spread Western learning and open up the wisdom of the people. It also contributed to the early modernization of China’s political system and became an opportunity for the early Communists to change their thinking. Therefore, in modern Chinese thought history and political history should occupy a place. The bankruptcy of self-government experiments proves the utopian nature of the bourgeois plan for peaceful transformation of China.