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对森林的多种功能和经济价值的计算失误致使全球森林利用的格局产生很多有害的环境后果。本研究论述估算森林经济总价值(TEV)的经济技术方法。以墨西哥的森林资产为例,估算结果表明,森林总面积每年贡献的下界价值约为40亿美元。这个总价值包括非消费性利用的非市场性贡献;基因资源的未来潜在利用和纯粹的森林存在价值;而经济价值的最大构成是水分循环和碳的循环这样的功能性价值。然而在墨西哥境内仅仅可能获得这种价值的一部分:墨西哥森林所产生的很多益处落在其境外,因而没有受到森林利用者或国家决策者的重视。
Miscalculation of the multiple functions and economic values of forests has had many detrimental environmental consequences for the pattern of global forest use. This study discusses the economic and technical methods of estimating the total value of forest economy (TEV). In the case of Mexico’s forest assets, the estimates show that the total value of the forest area contributes about $ 4 billion per annum. This total value includes non-market contributions for non-consumptive use; potential future use of genetic resources and purely forest existential values; and the largest component of economic value is the functional value of the water cycle and the carbon cycle. However, only part of that value is likely to be realized in Mexico: many of the benefits of Mexican forests fall outside their borders and are therefore not valued by forest users or national policymakers.