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作为当代西方结构主义和后结构主义哲学的代表人物之一,米歇尔·福柯承续了19世纪末以来由尼采开创中经海德格尔的理性形而上学批判传统。依据“知识型”理论和权力理论,他力图揭橥自启蒙运动以来,现代性理念的衍进中无可摆脱的种种困境及其渐趋消亡的路向。福柯的学说在法学领域也有着一定的影响,这部分归因于其纯粹哲学方面的著述,另一方面则源于他对一些特定法学论题,如犯罪、刑事政策、监狱等的直接涉猎。在法社会学、法律语言学、犯罪学,以及刑法学等诸多研究中,都可见到对其学说观点的批判性借鉴和援引。据此,通过对福柯思想的解读,当可辨析出其之于当前的法学研究所可能引致的某些理论推动力。
As one of the representatives of the contemporary Western structuralism and post-structuralist philosophy, Michel Foucault inherited the critical metaphysical tradition of criticism from Heidegger founded by Nietzsche since the late 19th century. Based on the theory of “knowledge ” and the theory of power, he sought to reveal the dilemmas and the ways of its disappearing in the evolution of modernity concept since the Enlightenment. Foucault’s doctrine also has some influence in jurisprudence, partly due to his purely philosophical writings and on the other hand to his direct involvement in a number of specific legal topics such as crime, criminal policy, prisons and others. In the sociology of law, legal linguistics, criminology, and criminal law and many other studies, can be seen on the critical reference to his theory and citing. Accordingly, through the interpretation of Foucault’s thoughts, it is possible to discern some theoretical impetus that may be caused by the present law institute.