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在明朝学者陆容的《菽园杂记》中,作者叙述了一件监察御史和巡抚对同一案件截然不同的处理结果的事情,引出了巡抚和监察御史的职责范围问题。名义上隶属于都察院,事实上只对皇帝个人负责的巡抚和监察御史职责不尽相同,在某种程度上也有地位高低、权力大小之分。笔者依据《菽园杂记》中对明朝巡抚和监察御史的介绍,结合《明史》职官志以及他人的研究成果,对监察御史和巡抚进行了简单的分析,试图揭示针对一个地方的案件,御史和巡抚都有权力进行干预的原因,并对两者的关系进行解释说明,从而更全面地认识明朝监察御史和巡抚。
In Ming Dynasty scholar Lu Rong’s “Garden Miscellanies,” the author described a matter of monitoring the results of completely different treatment by the Censor and the governor in the same case, and raised the issue of the scope of responsibility of the governor and the censor. Nominal subordinate to the CITC, in fact, only responsible for the emperor personally governor and monitor the duties of the Censor are not the same, to some extent, there are status, the size of power. Based on the introduction of governors and censors in the Ming Dynasty and the introduction of the Ming Dynasty governors and censors, the author makes a simple analysis of the scrutiny of the censor and the governor in light of the official records of Ming History and the research results of others, Cases, Censor and governors have the power to intervene in the reasons, and explain the relationship between the two, so that a more comprehensive understanding of the Ming Dynasty to monitor the censor and the governor.