霍乱患者具有特征性水样腹泻,从而导致脱水和代谢性酸中毒。本病由霍乱弧菌肠道感染所致。霍乱弧菌粘附并定居于小肠中,分泌一种外毒素(霍乱毒素),这种毒素与粘膜细胞上的受体结合,刺激肠道中腺苷环化酶活性。由此引起环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)增高,然后通过抑制绒毛摄取氯化钠和刺激肠腺细胞分泌氯化物,引起腹泻和液体丧失。 Cholera patients have characteristic watery diarrhea, leading to dehydration and metabolic acidosis. The disease caused by Vibrio cholerae intestinal infection. Vibrio cholerae adhere and colonize the small intestine, secreting an exotoxin (cholera toxin) that binds to receptors on mucosal cells and stimulates adenylyl cyclase activity in the gut. This results in an increase in cAMP, which can then lead to diarrhea and loss of fluid by inhibiting the uptake of sodium chloride into the villus and stimulating the secretion of chloride by gut cells.