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本文以清末中国人使用的日语教材为研究对象,从语音和语法角度分析清末中国人对日语认识的进步。在语音方面,开始使用音韵学术语解释日语语音,详细地描述对日语的促音、拗音、拨音的发音方法,指出日语的重音可以区别词义、列举了日语的音变现象并给出了原因。词汇方面,教材对日语词类划分、词的句法功能以及动词活用用法都有具体科学的阐释。这些教材的出版标志着中国人开始自觉与主动地学习日语,并对日语有了飞跃性的进步认识。
Based on the Japanese teaching materials used by the Chinese in the late Qing Dynasty, this article analyzes the Chinese’s progress toward understanding Japanese in the late Qing Dynasty from the perspective of pronunciation and grammar. In the aspect of phonetics, we begin to explain Japanese phonology using phonetic terminology, and describe the pronouncing method of Japanese propelling, toning and dialing in detail, pointing out that Japanese accent distinguishes semantic meaning, enumerating the phonological phenomenon in Japanese and giving the reason. Vocabulary, textbooks on Japanese word division, the word’s syntactic function and verb usage have a concrete and scientific explanation. The publication of these textbooks indicates that the Chinese have started to learn Japanese actively and voluntarily, and have made leaps and bounds in Japanese.