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目的观察和了解某铀矿放射工作人员的健康状况,为做好放射防护提供依据。方法对陕西省某铀矿放射工作人员进行职业性健康检查,对体检结果进行分析。结果 2011年和2012年铀矿放射工作人员晶状体混浊率分别为4.9%、5.4%,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.026,χ2=6.938,P<0.05);外周血WBC异常检出率分别为5.9%、6.0%,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.062,χ2=5.295,P<0.05);淋巴细胞微核阳性检出率分别为9.8%、7.8%,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.601,χ2=5.596,P<0.05);染色体阳性检出率为5.9%、6.6%,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.062,χ2=8.541,P<0.05);2011年与2012年比较,晶状体混浊、白细胞异常检出率、染色体畸变阳性检出率均较高。结论长期低剂量职业性接触电离辐射对铀矿工作人员健康有一定的影响,应加强对工作人员的辐射防护工作。
Objective To observe and understand the health status of radiation workers in a uranium mine and provide a basis for radiological protection. Methods A uranium mine radiation workers in Shaanxi Province conducted occupational health examination and analyzed the results of the physical examination. Results The lens opacification rates of uranium miners in 2011 and 2012 were 4.9% and 5.4%, respectively, which were significantly different from those in the control group (χ2 = 5.026, χ2 = 6.938, P <0.05) (Χ2 = 6.062, χ2 = 5.295, P <0.05). The positive rates of micronuclei in lymphocytes were 9.8% and 7.8%, respectively, and the detection rates were 5.9% and 6.0% (Χ2 = 7.601, χ2 = 5.596, P <0.05). The positive rate of chromosomal detection was 5.9% and 6.6%, which was significantly different from the control group (χ2 = 6.062, χ2 = 8.541, P <0.05). Compared with 2012, the detection rate of lens opacity, white blood cell abnormality and chromosome aberration were all higher. Conclusion Long-term low-dose occupational exposure to ionizing radiation has a certain impact on the health of uranium mine workers, and radiation protection work for staff should be strengthened.