马克思主义把权力视为一种社会历史现象,并因为阶级统治的需要而与暴力相随。韦伯在契约论基础上构建权力与法及经济的关系,为权力确立合法化的基础。福柯则把权力从政治层面拉到社会,转向对权力的微观技术探讨,并在主体的解构中,寻求人的自然自由。虽然各家讨论权力的视角不同,但在权力具有强制性因而需要约制方面认识相同。虽然各家权力约制思路不同,但基于宏观权力视角,以权利约制权力的思路还是具有极大的共通性。 Marxism regards power as a social and historical phenomenon and follows the violence because of the need of class rule. Weber built the relationship between power and law and economics on the basis of contract theory and established the basis for legitimating power. Foucault shifted the power from the political level to the society, turned to the microscopic technical discussion of power, and sought the natural freedom of man in the deconstruction of the subject. Although each has a different perspective on power, it shares the same understanding that power is mandatory and needs restraint. Although different powers have different ideas, based on the macro-power perspective, the idea of ​​power-based rights is still very common.