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慢性高血糖不但是糖尿病的一个表现,而且通过损害胰岛素分泌和作用使代谢控制进一步恶化,这一现象被称为“葡萄糖毒性”。关于葡萄糖毒性已经提出多种作用机制,如糖基化终产物、活性氧簇、内质网应激、抑制胰岛素基因转录等。血糖升高所导致的恶性循环进一步损害β细胞,最终导致胰岛素分泌缺陷。及早有效地控制2型糖尿病患者的高血糖状态是保护残余β细胞功能的一个重要手段。
Chronic hyperglycemia is not only a manifestation of diabetes, but also worsens metabolic control by impairing insulin secretion and its effect, a phenomenon known as “glucose toxicity.” Various mechanisms of action have been proposed regarding glucose toxicity, such as advanced glycation end products, reactive oxygen species, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inhibition of insulin gene transcription and the like. The vicious circle of hyperglycemia further damages the beta cells, eventually leading to defects in insulin secretion. Early and effective control of type 2 diabetes in patients with high blood sugar status is an important means to protect the residual β-cell function.