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目的了解即将移民海外的中国公民对结核病的认知情况,为下一步开展健康促进做准备。方法随机抽取745名申请移民美国的中国籍申请人作为调查对象。使用2010年全国第五次结核病流行病学抽样调查所使用的结核病认知调查问卷进行调查。结果调查对象对5条核心信息(1肺结核是严重的慢性呼吸道传染病;2咳嗽、咳痰2周以上应怀疑得了肺结核;3怀疑得了肺结核,应到县(区)级结防机构接受检查和治疗;4在县(区)级结防机构检查和治疗肺结核可享受国家免费政策;5只要坚持正规治疗,绝大多数肺结核患者是可以治愈的)的总知晓率为68.6%,各条核心信息的知晓率分别为86.4%、91.8%、89.7%、27.4%和47.9%,危险因素分析显示第二、三、四和五条核心信息的知晓率都与年龄因素呈负相关(分别是P<0.05,95%CI:0.959~0.998;P<0.05,95%CI:0.965~1.000;P<0.001,95%CI:0.964~0.989;P<0.05,95%CI:0.973~0.995)。5条核心信息的知晓率与性别、职业、来源地、签证类型无明显相关性。结论在移民人群中进行结核病相关的健康教育和健康促进,需要重点关注中老年人群。
Objectives To understand the perception of tuberculosis among immigrant Chinese citizens overseas and to prepare for the next step in promoting health. Methods A total of 745 Chinese applicants applying for emigration to the United States were randomly selected as the survey subjects. Surveys were conducted using the TB Cognitive Questionnaire used in the 2010 National Fifth TB Epidemiological Sampling Survey. Results of the survey of five core messages (a pulmonary tuberculosis is a serious chronic respiratory disease; 2 cough, sputum should be suspected of more than two weeks of tuberculosis; 3 suspected tuberculosis, should be to county (district) Treatment; 4 in the county (district) level of prevention and treatment of tuberculosis institutions to check and treat the national free policy; 5 as long as the regular treatment, the vast majority of tuberculosis patients can be cured of) the total awareness rate of 68.6%, the core information The awareness rates for the core information of the second, third, fourth and fifth were negatively correlated with age (P <0.05, respectively), with the awareness rates of 86.4%, 91.8%, 89.7%, 27.4% and 47.9% , 95% CI: 0.959-0.998; P <0.05,95% CI: 0.965-1.000; P <0.001,95% CI: 0.964-0.989; P <0.05,95% CI: 0.973-0.995). There is no obvious correlation between the awareness rate of the five core information and the gender, occupation, origin and visa type. Conclusion TB-related health education and health promotion in immigrant groups need to focus on middle-aged and elderly people.