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我国黄土高原的六盘山林区在过去30年中实施了大规模造林工程,景观格局发生了显著改变,并由此导致生态水文过程特征和功能的改变。本文选择泾河支流香水河的二级支流草沟小流域为研究对象,应用TOPOG模型对造林可能导致的景观变化及其造成的生态水文影响进行模拟预测,以期为六盘山地区正在进行的退耕还林植被建设提供科学指导。另外还探讨了应用该模型在研究区进行生态水文过程模拟的适用性以及存在的问题,提出了此模型未来可能作出改进的一些方面。初步情景模拟分析显示,在这一地区,华北落叶松人工林面积的增大如果以砍伐天然阔叶林和开垦灌丛的方式进行,将造成径流的减少,当落叶松林面积从11.5%增大到流域面积的58%,径流可减少28%。开垦灌丛还将引起径流波动加剧,降低水资源保证率。六盘山及其周边的山地林区作为干旱缺水的黄土高原重要水源地,景观规划中应该考虑到植被格局改变对径流量造成的影响,在水土保持和维持一定径流量这两个目标之间进行平衡,作出最优规划。
The large-scale afforestation project has been carried out in Liupanshan forest area of the Loess Plateau in China for the past 30 years, and the landscape pattern has undergone significant changes. As a result, the characteristics and functions of ecological and hydrological processes have been changed. In this paper, we selected the second tributary of Caohegou watershed, a tributary of the Permian River in the Jinghe River, as a research object. The TOPOG model was used to simulate the possible landscape changes and the ecological and hydrological impacts caused by the afforestation. Forest vegetation construction to provide scientific guidance. In addition, the applicability and existing problems of applying this model to simulate eco-hydrological processes in the study area are also discussed. Some aspects of the model that may be improved in the future are also proposed. Preliminary scenario simulation analysis shows that in this area, if Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation area is increased by cutting natural broad-leaved forests and reclaiming shrubs, the runoff will decrease. When Larix gmelinii forest area increases from 11.5% To 58% of the basin area, runoff can be reduced by 28%. Reclamation of shrubs will also lead to increased runoff fluctuations, reducing water resources guarantee rate. Liupanshan and its surrounding mountainous areas serve as important water source areas for drought and water loss in the Loess Plateau. Landscape planning should take into account the impact of changes in vegetation patterns on runoff. Between the two objectives of soil and water conservation and maintaining a certain amount of runoff, Balance and make optimal planning.