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目的了解河南省周口市2004-2011年流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)的流行病学特征及影响因素,为制定乙脑防控对策提供科学依据。方法用描述流行病学方法对周口市2004-2011年乙脑病例数据和监测数据进行分析。结果周口市2004-2011年共报告乙脑291例,年平均发病率为0.36/10万,各年发病率分别为0.41/10万、0.42/10万、0.78/10万、0.52/10万、0.17/10万、0.35/10万、0.25/10万、0.03/10万;太康县最高(0.63/10万),西华县最低(0.15/10万);7-9月为高发季节,发病数占病例总数的96.22%;<15岁的儿童青少年占97.25%;幼托儿童占17.18%,散居儿童占48.80%,学生占33.33%;家中未采用蚊帐或药物等防蚊措施者占调查病例数的82.02%(219/267);患者未接种过乙脑疫苗者占调查病例数的86.89%(232/267)。结论周口市乙脑疫情呈现波动性下降趋势。加强乙脑病例监测,落实高发地区15岁以下儿童青少年的免疫接种、防蚊灭蚊为主的综合防控措施是降低乙脑发病的关键。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and influential factors of Japanese encephalitis (JE) from 2004 to 2011 in Zhoukou City, Henan Province, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of JE. Methods The descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the data of JE cases and monitoring data from 2004 to 2011 in Zhoukou City. Results A total of 291 Japanese encephalitis cases were reported from 2004 to 2011 in Zhoukou City. The annual average incidence rate was 0.36 / 100 000, with the annual incidence rates of 0.41 / 100000, 0.42 / 100000, 0.78 / 100000, 0.52 / 0.17 / 100000, 0.35 / 100000, 0.25 / 100000, 0.03 / 100000; Taikang County the highest (0.63 / 100000), Xihua County the lowest (0.15 / 100000); July-September is the high season, Accounting for 96.22% of the total number of cases; children and adolescents aged <15 years old accounted for 97.25%; child care children accounted for 17.18%, scattered children accounted for 48.80%, students accounted for 33.33%; home without mosquito net or drugs and other anti-mosquito measures accounted for 82.02% (219/267) of the cases; 86.89% (232/267) of the investigated cases were not vaccinated. Conclusion The epidemic situation of Japanese encephalitis in Zhoukou City showed a decreasing trend. The key to reducing the incidence of Japanese encephalitis is to strengthen the monitoring of Japanese encephalitis cases and to implement the immunization against mosquitoes and mosquitoes in adolescents under the age of 15 in high incidence areas.