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行为人以不作为参与他人的法益侵害行为,是否成立共同犯罪;若能成立共同犯罪,是成立不作为的共同正犯还是不作为的帮助犯,均存在争议。相对而言,重要作用理论和因果过程支配理论具有妥当性。关于行为人以不作为参与他人的作为犯的性质,主要涉及在什么范围内承认犯罪阻止义务,以及在负有犯罪阻止义务者能够履行义务而不履行时,是成立共同正犯、同时正犯还是帮助犯。应当认为,在不作为者与作为者存在共谋的场合,可以成立共同正犯;不存在共谋的,如果否认义务犯理论,应当根据是否存在事实支配关系或者行为人对法益侵害结果的发生的作用力的大小,分别成立不作为的共同正犯和帮助犯。在行为人以不作为参与他人的不作为犯的场合,根据具体情况分别成立不作为的共同正犯或者同时正犯。
It is controversial whether a perpetrator is involved in the legal rights infringement of others and whether a joint crime is established or not; if a joint crime can be established as a common criminal accomplice or omission for accomplishing an omission. In contrast, the theory of causation and the theory of causation are appropriate. The nature of perpetrators’ involvement in others as inhuman acts mainly relates to the extent to which they recognize the obstruction of criminality and the establishment of joint principal offenders who are guilty of committing or assisting criminals when they are able to fulfill their obligations and are not fulfilled . It should be considered that common criminals can be established where conspiratorial acts exist and those who act as omissions. If there is no conspiracy, if the theory of offensive duties is to be denied, it should be based on the existence of the factual dominance relationship or the perpetrator’s infringement of the interests of law The size of the force, were established as a common offender and helping prisoners. Where a perpetrator does not act as a guilty conscience to others, he or she shall be guilty of joint perpetrators or concurrent guilty of acts of omission, depending on the circumstances.