本文力图证明 ,邓小平理论实质上是对中国现代化诸多观念世纪争论的当代历史唯物主义批判与总结。“西方现代化理论”固有轻视中国国情的“西方中心论”缺陷 ;“苏联模式”包含着遮蔽本国发展实际的空想成份 ;“儒家资本主义”有夸大传统文化的现代功能的“文化决定论”倾向 ;而“民主社会主义”是“可爱而不可行”的“第三条道路”。邓小平理论的诞生 ,标志着中国现代化理论与实践终于摆脱了以往各种现代性“权力话语”或“理想模式”的抽象化示范与误导 ,从而回到了当代中国社会发展的现实地平之上 This article tries to prove that Deng Xiaoping Theory is essentially a critique of the contemporary historical materialism in the debate on many conceptional times in China’s modernization. “Western modernization theory” inherently underestimates the defects of “Western centralism” of China’s national conditions; the “Soviet model” contains elements that hide the reality of its own development; the “Confucian capitalism” tends to exacerbate the “cultural determinism” exaggerating the modern functions of traditional culture ; And “democratic socialism” is the “third way” that is “lovely and not feasible.” The birth of Deng Xiaoping Theory symbolizes that the theory and practice of China’s modernization have finally got rid of the abstract demonstration and misleading of “power discourse” or “ideal model” of various modern times and returned to the realistic level of social development in contemporary China.