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一、一般的公有制和社会主义的公有制 有一种十分流行的说法:公有制是我国社会经济制度的基础。许多人这样说,本意是为了简化。但是我认为应该先把本义准确地交代清楚才能作这样的简化。即宪法第五条上的公有制前面的“社会主义”四个字是不应该随便“简化”掉的。理由为不加上“社会主义”四个字或“社会主义的”五个字,容易被人理解为“一般的公有制”,而一般的公有制的存在,不是社会主义的本质的特点。中国古代人们说的“普天之下,莫非王土,率土之滨,莫非王臣”,这里说的“王”就是奴隶主国家和封建主国家,那是“公”不是“私”。《诗经·大田》“雨我公田,遂及我私”,不论这里说的“公”是怎样的“公”,反正是“公”不是“私”。在资本主义国家里也有资本主义国家的公有制或资本主义的国家所有制。
I. General Public Ownership and Socialist Public Ownership There is a very popular statement that public ownership is the foundation of our social and economic system. Many people say this in the first place to simplify. But I think we should first explain the original meaning accurately to make such a simplification. That is, the term “socialism” in front of public ownership on Article 5 of the Constitution should not be “simplified” by any means. The reason is that without adding the words “socialism” or “socialism”, it is easy to be understood as a “general public ownership.” However, the existence of public ownership in general is not characterized by the nature of socialism. The ancient people in China said that “under the broadpeace, is not the land of the king, the coast of the land, is it not Wangchen?” Here the “king” is the slave-owner state and the feudal lord, it is “public” is not “private”. “The Book of Songs, Daejeon,” “Rain Mendian, and Myself.” No matter what kind of “public” “public” is said here, anyway, “public” is not “private.” In capitalist countries there are also state-owned or capitalist state-owned capitalist countries.