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目的 研究新生儿乙型肝炎（ 乙肝） 疫苗接种的远期效果和加强免疫的必要性。方法 对上海市南市区１９８６ 年出生时接种乙肝疫苗的儿童至少隔年随访一次，抽血检测ＨＢｓＡｇ、抗－ ＨＢｃ 和抗－ ＨＢｓ。在第５ 年，对同年出生但未接种过乙肝疫苗的邻近行政区儿童进行调查，以此作为外对照计算疫苗的远期保护效果。结果 １１ 年ＨＢｓＡｇ 阳性率在０ ．４６ ％ ～０．９８ ％ 之间，平均０．７０ ％ （２５／３ ５７８） ，大大低于免前本底对照和外对照，而且没有随免后时间的延长而升高的趋势。同外对照相比首针接种后５ 年的保护效果为８５ ．４２ ％ （９５％ 可信区间：７０ ．１１ ％ ～１００％ ）。结论 新生儿首针接种后１１ 年内无加强免疫的必要，是否或何时加强，尚需进一步随访。
Objective To study the long-term effect of neonatal hepatitis B (HBV) vaccination and the necessity of enhancing immunity. Methods Children born in 1986 in Nanshi District of Shanghai City were enrolled at least once a year for testing HBsAg, anti - HBc and anti - HBs. In the fifth year, a survey was conducted on children in the borough who were born in the same year but not vaccinated against hepatitis B as an external control to calculate the long-term protective effect of the vaccine. Results The positive rate of HBsAg in 11 years was 0. 46% to 0.98%, with an average of 0.70% (25/3 578), which was significantly lower than that of the non-background background control and the external control, and did not increase with the extension of the post-nocturnal time. Compared with the external control 5 days after the first needle inoculation protection effect of 85. 42% (95% confidence interval: 70.11% -100%). Conclusion Neonatal needles need not be strengthened or need to be strengthened within 11 years after inoculation. Further follow-up is needed.