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马克思的人类学思想一直是马克思主义研究中的重要议题。20世纪六七十年代,在国外马克思主义阵营中,关于马克思人类学思想的讨论曾经掀起了一阵热潮。其中,著名的人类学家克拉徳与布达佩斯学派理论家马尔库什之间的争论成为具有代表性的理论事件。本文从马尔库什与克拉徳针对马克思“人的本质”概念的争论入手,简述新马克思主义理论家们对马克思人类学思想的不同解读,从而阐发了用一种整体的、辩证的、跨学科的、多视阈的角度来理解马克思人类学思想的观点。
Marx’s anthropological thinking has always been an important topic in the study of Marxism. In the 1960s and 1970s, in the overseas Marxist camp, the discussion on Marx’s anthropological thinking once set off a wave of upsurge. Among them, the controversy between the famous anthropologist Cradle and the Budapest school theorist Marcus is a representative theoretical event. This article starts from the controversy between Marxism and Claude on the concept of Marx’s “essence of man”, and gives a brief account of the different interpretations of Marxist anthropological thinking by Neo-Marxist theorists. Thus, this article expounds a comprehensive, dialectical, Disciplinary, multi-perspective to understand Marx’s anthropological ideas point of view.