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环孢霉素A(Cyclosporin A,简称CyA)是1971年瑞士Sandoz公司从真菌Tolypocladium inflatum Gams分离到的一种天然的亲脂性环十一肽。以后发现它有很强的免疫抑制活性,1978年首先用于人体器官移植,发现它能有效地预防对移植器官的排斥反应。CyA现有口服液和静脉注射剂两种剂型,前者以橄榄油作溶剂,每ml含CyA 100mg,后者采用聚氧乙烯蓖麻油和乙醇混合溶剂,每ml含CyA 50mg。1983年起美国食品药品管理局(FDA)批准CyA用作器官移植的免疫抑制剂,CyA开始以Sandimmune为商品名在世界销售,1988年居世界畅销药第27位(3.39亿美元),1989年上升
Cyclosporin A (CyA) is a natural lipophilic cyclodextrin peptide isolated from the fungal Tolypocladium inflatum Gams by the Swiss company Sandoz in 1971. Later found it has a strong immunosuppressive activity, first used in human organ transplantation in 1978 and found that it can effectively prevent rejection of transplanted organs. CyA existing oral solution and intravenous injection of two dosage forms, the former olive oil as a solvent, containing CyA per ml 100mg, which uses polyoxyethylene castor oil and ethanol mixed solvent, containing 50mg CyA per ml. Since 1983, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved CyA as an immunosuppressive agent for organ transplantation. CyA began to be marketed worldwide as Sandimmune. In 1988, it ranked 27th in the world for best-selling drugs (339 million U.S. dollars), and in 1989 rise